|
|
|
| Rethinking the Philosophical Foundation of Information Science |
| Yang Jianlin1,2 |
1.School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023
2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering & Knowledge Service, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Seeking a philosophical foundation is indispensable to the development of information science. Appropriate philosophical theory can reveal the essence of information and its related concepts, such as data, knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom. In addition, it can provide appropriate tools to explain the essence and process of intelligence, allowing us to clarify specific research fields and issues in information science. Based on analysis of relevant research, this paper rejects the traditional philosophical theory of information science and reexamines the essence of such concepts as data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and computation. It analyses the relationship between information and computation and the progressive or inclusive relationship between data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and intelligence. Analysis of the intelligence process and information exchange clarifies the overall research field and specific issues of information science. The results show that (1) the philosophy of information can serve as a philosophical foundation for information science, but its theoretical system needs further improvement; (2) from a philosophical perspective, information science is a legitimate independent branch of science, with its own unique research field and issues; and (3) information science has developed unique research methods.
|
|
Received: 21 February 2019
|
|
|
|
1 靖继鹏, 马费成, 张向先. 情报科学理论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.
2 BrookesB C. The foundations of information science. Part I. Philosophical aspects[J]. Journal of Information Science, 1980, 2(3-4): 125-133.
3 李亚琴, 钱厚斌, 杨月全. 我国情报学哲学基础研究进展[J]. 现代情报, 2012, 32(4): 34-38.
4 周林东. 科学哲学[M].上海: 复旦大学出版社, 2004.
5 张新华. 情报学理论流派研究纲要[M]. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社, 1992.
6 托马斯·库恩. 科学革命的结构[M]. 金吾伦, 胡新和, 译. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2003.
7 梁战平. 情报学若干问题辨析[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2003, 26(3): 193-198.
8 王芳. 情报学的范式变迁及元理论研究[J]. 情报学报, 2007, 26(5): 764-773.
9 伊姆雷·拉卡托斯. 科学研究纲领方法论[M]. 兰征, 译. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 2005.
10 靖继鹏, 李勇先. 试构造以用户为核心的情报学理论体系[J]. 情报业务研究, 1991(4): 193-198.
11 达德利·夏佩尔. 理由与求知: 科学哲学研究文集[M]. 褚平, 周文彰, 译. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 2006.
12 FloridiL. What is the philosophy of information?[J]. Metaphilosophy, 2002, 33(1-2): 123-145.
13 刘钢. 从信息的哲学问题到信息哲学[J]. 自然辩证法研究, 2003, 19(1): 45-49, 74.
14 张福学. 信息哲学论要[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2003, 26(2): 123-125.
15 陈忆金. 现代情报学的理论基础——信息哲学[J]. 图书情报工作, 2005, 49(8): 55-58, 62.
16 王振嵩. 关于信息科学和信息哲学的性质和统一性关系——记邬焜与佩德罗的对话[J]. 情报杂志, 2018, 37(1): 114-121.
17 刘植惠. 试论情报学的哲学基础[J]. 情报学报, 1989, 8(3): 161-167.
18 秦铁辉. 波普尔的世界3理论与情报学的哲学基础[J]. 情报学报, 1991, 10(2): 136-143.
19 朱奎华. “三个世界”与“矛盾说”——对情报学哲学基础的探讨[J]. 现代情报, 1995, 15(4): 1-3.
20 马费成. 论情报学的基本原理及理论体系构建[J]. 情报学报, 2007, 26(1): 3-13.
21 王知津. 情报学理论的哲学研究进展[J]. 图书情报工作, 2009, 53(22): 5-11.
22 ZinsC. Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge[J]. Journal of the American Ssociety for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58(4): 479-493.
23 张贵红. 论数据的本质及其与信息的关系[J]. 哲学分析, 2018, 9(2): 119-132, 198-199.
24 Morán-ReyesA A. Contribution to the ontological status of information: Development of the structural-attributive approach[J]. Library Trends, 2015, 63(3): 574-590.
25 Hj?rlandB. Information: Objective or subjective/situational?[J] Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58(10): 1448-1456.
26 MingersJ, StandingC. What is information? Toward a theory of information as objective and veridical[J]. Journal of Information Technology, 2018, 33(2): 85-104.
27 钟义信. 从信息科学视角看《信息哲学》[J]. 哲学分析, 2015, 6(1): 17-31, 197.
28 FloridiL. Information: A very short introduction[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010: 21, 23.
29 邬焜, 李琦. 哲学信息论导论[M]. 西安: 陕西人民出版社, 1987.
30 杨建林. 信息技术导论[M]. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2009.
31 邬焜, 夏群友. 再论自在信息[J]. 科学技术哲学研究, 2012, 29(2): 8-12.
32 张承伟, 刘凡儒, 郝绪彤. 论知识的本质和知识创造[J]. 情报学报, 2016, 35(4): 369-379.
33 HoffmeyerJ. Biosemiotics: An examination into the signs of life and the life of signs[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
34 周理乾, 索伦·布赫尔. 具有中国特色的信息哲学?——评邬焜教授的信息哲学体系[J]. 哲学分析, 2015, 6(1): 4-16, 197.
35 A.E.泰勒. 柏拉图——生平及其著作[M]. 谢随知, 等译. 济南: 山东人民出版社, 1996.
36 柴生秦. 什么是知识?——盖梯尔反例评析[J]. 西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 1995, 25(4): 26-30.
37 舍勒. 舍勒选集[M]. 上海: 上海三联书店, 1999.
38 安蓉. 基于知识转移理论的跨文化科学研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2009, 26(10): 114-116.
39 RyleG. The concept of mind[M]. London: Routledge, 2009.
40 王建安, 叶德营. 知识分类与知识表征——评赖尔的知识分类和围绕它的争论[J]. 自然辩证法通讯, 2010, 32(4): 13-18, 126.
41 SternbergR J. 认知心理学[M]. 第三版. 杨炳钧, 陈燕, 邹枝玲, 译. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2006.
42 SquireL R. Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective[J]. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2004, 82(3): 171-177.
43 昌家立. 试论知识的本质[J]. 青海社会科学, 1995(4): 50-55.
44 迈克尔·波兰尼. 个人知识——迈向后批判哲学[M]. 许泽民, 译. 贵阳: 贵州人民出版社, 2000.
45 钟义信. 高等人工智能原理——观念·方法·模型·理论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
46 徐才, 郭凤海. 物质、能量和信息与人类智能的起源和本质[J]. 自然辩证法研究, 1992, 8(12): 22-26.
47 卢风. 知识与智慧: 现代文明中的二律背反[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2000(3): 12-17.
48 左亚文, 王颂. 再论智慧与知识[J]. 湖北社会科学, 2014(2): 84-86.
49 DebonsA, HorneE, CronenwethS. Information science: An integrated view[M]. GK Hall, 1988.
50 AckoffR L. From data to wisdom[J]．Journal of Applied Systems Analysis, 1989, 16(1): 3-9.
51 LiewA. DIKIW: Data, information, knowledge, intelligence, wisdom and their interrelationships[J]. Business Management Dynamics, 2013, 2(10): 49-62.
52 钱学森. 关于思维科学[M]. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 1986: 426-444.
53 孟荫龙. 维护情报学科地位加快情报学科建设[J]. 情报理论与实践, 1996, 19(4): 1-3.
54 杨建林, 李品. 基于情报过程视角辨析情报分析与数据分析的关系[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2019, 42(3): 1-6.
55 D.马尔. 视觉计算理论[M]. 姚国正, 刘磊, 汪云久, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988.
56 AdlemanL. Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems[J]. Science, 1994, 266(5187): 1021-1024.
57 computationHuman-based[EB/OL]. [2018-12-08]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-based_computation.
58 张洪艳. 俄罗斯情报学研究中的情报过程观[J]. 情报科学, 2012, 30(8): 1134-1138.
59 彭知辉. 情报流程研究: 述评与反思[J]. 情报学报, 2016, 35(10): 1110-1120.
60 BawdenD, RobinsonL. Curating the infosphere: Luciano Floridi s philosophy of information as the foundation for library and information science[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2018, 74: 2-17. |
|
|
|
