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| A Complex Data Citation Index to Trace Data Reusability |
| Zhang Lili1, Hui Jiayi1,2, Liu Ruilin1, Hu Yike1 |
1.Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077 |
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Abstract Tracing data reusability is crucial for open data. Recognizing the importance of data citation, this study proposes a comprehensive framework for measuring data reusability, known as the “C3 Framework”. Based on the intensity of data citations and their temporal and spatial characteristics, the framework is quantified as the Complex Data Citation Index, comprising sub-indicators such as the data citation intensity index, the data citation popularity index, and the data citation breadth index. We proposed a validation test based on the 30 most-cited data papers published in Earth System Science Data (ESSD), a journal in Earth Sciences, along with their 15812 citing papers and a corpus of 25585 data citation records. The statistics demonstrated that this method effectively interpreted discrepancies in data citations, particularly regarding citation intensity, popularity, and breadth among the samples. Further reliability tests indicated that the sample dataset passed the multicollinearity test, signifying the independence of the three citation sub-variables. Moreover, the C index correlated strongly with the current citation scales, suggesting that this new method is consistent with real-world observations. Furthermore, this method is adaptable to various scenarios and is sufficiently robust for datasets with up to 30% missing values. In summary, this study presented a user-friendly framework for interpreting data reusability based on data citations. It offers a relatively complete view of data reusability by tracing citation chains, providing an effective metric for monitoring the performance of open data work, and bridging gaps while highlighting potential opportunities. We hope the C3 solution will also benefit open data efforts.
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Received: 01 July 2025
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