Diffusion Cycles and Structural Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge Across Disciplines: A Perspective of Theoretical Terminology Analysis
Zhang Weichong1,2, Wang Fang2,3, Zhao Hong4
1.School of Humanities and Social Sciences, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003 2.Center for Network Society Governance, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 3.Department of Information Resources Management, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 4.National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
摘要与引文或关键词不同，理论作为深层知识单元，更能反映学科间的结构性联系与知识迁移路径。为揭示理论在科学知识体系中的传播节奏与结构特征，本文基于1985—2019年Web of Science核心合集中的225万篇文献及其中提及的2833条理论术语，系统分析了理论在多学科系统中的扩散周期与关联结构。本文通过理论类别识别、理论词表构建、文献数据采集、术语自动抽取与数据融合5个环节，构建理论扩散数据集；采用S形扩散模型建模理论在学科间的传播周期，提出理论的“学科专属度-学科分散度”双指标体系以刻画理论的跨学科传播特性；基于理论共现关系，绘制多学科关联关系图谱，识别学科网络特征。研究结果发现：①理论在学科体系间的扩散过程整体符合Slogist1曲线，多数理论完成一半扩散进程平均需12年，呈现显著的阶段性演化特征；②学科间存在显著的专业性与通用性谱系分化，应用科学在其中发挥“桥梁”作用，促进理论知识的转译与融合；③科学体系整体呈现高度互联的融合网络形态，由五大学科群紧密交织而成，反映出科学知识演进的整体化趋势。
1 王芳. 情报学理论: 哲学基础与应用发展[M]. 北京: 科学技术文献出版社, 2021. 2 贝尔纳. 历史上的科学[M]. 伍况甫, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 1981. 3 王芳, 陈锋, 祝娜, 等. 我国情报学理论的来源、应用及学科专属度研究[J]. 情报学报, 2016, 35(11): 1148-1164. 4 赵洪, 王芳. 理论术语抽取的深度学习模型及自训练算法研究[J]. 情报学报, 2018, 37(9): 923-938. 5 Jeong D Y, Kim S J. Knowledge structure of library and information science in South Korea[J]. Library & Information Science Research, 2005, 27(1): 51-72. 6 Zorzini M, Hendry L C, Huq F A, et al. Socially responsible sourcing: reviewing the literature and its use of theory[J]. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2015, 35(1): 60-109. 7 Kumasi K D, Charbonneau D H, Walster D. Theory talk in the library science scholarly literature: an exploratory analysis[J]. Library & Information Science Research, 2013, 35(3): 175-180. 8 Painter J E, Borba C P C, Hynes M, et al. The use of theory in health behavior research from 2000 to 2005: a systematic review[J]. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2008, 35(3): 358-362. 9 Alley D E, Putney N M, Rice M, et al. The increasing use of theory in social gerontology: 1990-2004[J]. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2010, 65(5): 583-590. 10 Wallace L S, Vaughn C J, Rogers E S, et al. Use of theory in low-literacy intervention research from 1980 to 2009[J]. American Journal of Health Behavior, 2012, 36(2): 145-152. 11 Pettigrew K E, McKechnie L E F. The use of theory in information science research[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2001, 52(1): 62-73. 12 Kim S J, Jeong D Y. An analysis of the development and use of theory in library and information science research articles[J]. Library & Information Science Research, 2006, 28(4): 548-562. 13 王芳, 赵洪, 张维冲. 我国情报学科理论研究形态及学术影响力的全数据分析[J]. 图书情报知识, 2018(6): 15-28. 14 Wang F, Zhu H Z. Cognition, horizon and practice: formation of the nonsynchronism in theoretical research of information science[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2025, 81(1): 259-284. 15 Zhang C, Wang F, Huang Y, et al. Interdisciplinarity of information science: an evolutionary perspective of theory application[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2024, 80(2): 392-426. 16 王昊, 邓三鸿, 苏新宁, 等. 基于深度学习的情报学理论及方法术语识别研究[J]. 情报学报, 2020, 39(8): 817-828. 17 胡昊天, 邓三鸿, 孔玲, 等. 生成式情报学术语自动抽取与多维关联知识挖掘研究[J]. 情报学报, 2024, 43(5): 588-600. 18 苏新宁, 章成志. 情报学学科体系、学术体系和话语体系论纲[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2024. 19 Vrande?i? D, Kr?tzsch M. Wikidata: a free collaborative knowledgebase[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2014, 57(10): 78-85. 20 贾君枝, 冯婕. 基于因果链求解算法的人物关系挖掘研究——以Wikidata知识库为例[J]. 情报学报, 2017, 36(3): 221-230. 21 贾君枝, 薛秋红. Wikidata的特点、数据获取与应用[J]. 图书情报工作, 2016, 60(17): 136-141, 148. 22 de Solla Price D J. Little science, big science[M]. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963. 23 Rogers E M. Diffusion of innovations[M]. 5th ed. New York: Free Press, 2003. 24 Damschroder L J. Clarity out of chaos: Use of theory in implementation research[J]. Psychiatry Research, 2020, 283: 112461. 25 黄颖, 高天舒, 王志楠, 等. 基于Web of Science分类的跨学科测度研究[J]. 科研管理, 2016, 37(3): 124-132. 26 Yan E J. Finding knowledge paths among scientific disciplines[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2014, 65(11): 2331-2347. 27 刘清民, 王芳. 探索信息资源管理的跨学科性: 基于多标签分类的分析[J]. 情报学报, 2025, 44(1): 75-92. 28 Bort S, Kieser A. Fashion in organization theory: an empirical analysis of the diffusion of theoretical concepts[J]. Organization Studies, 2011, 32(5): 655-681. 29 Cole S. The hierarchy of the sciences?[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1983, 89(1): 111-139. 30 Popper K R. Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge[M]. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965. 31 Kuhn T S. The Structure of scientific revolutions[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962. 32 杨杰, 王左戎, 邓三鸿, 等. 基于参考文献的论文跨学科性、跨时域性及其影响力研究[J]. 情报学报, 2024, 43(9): 1003-1014. 33 叶光辉, 彭泽, 李松烨, 等. “能”与“势”: 生态学与物理学交叉视角下的跨学科知识交流动力模型研究[J]. 情报学报, 2024, 43(6): 644-657.
