先验显著性对个体信息认知处理的影响研究：基于争议性话题的实证

doi:10.3772/j.issn.1000-0135.2018.01.012

情报学报

2018, Vol. 37

Issue (1): 106-120 DOI: 10.3772/j.issn.1000-0135.2018.01.012

情报分析方法与技术

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先验显著性对个体信息认知处理的影响研究：基于争议性话题的实证

马丹丹¹, 岑咏华¹, 甘利人¹, 吴承尧²

1. 南京理工大学经济管理学院,南京 210094;
2. 南京农业大学金融学院,南京 210095

The Effects of Prior Salience on Individual Information Processing: An Empirical Study on Controversy Judgment

Ma Dandan¹, Cen Yonghua¹, Gan Liren¹, Wu Chengyao²

1. School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094;
2. College of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095

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摘要个体在信息认知处理中往往系统性地偏好于同自己信念、态度和决策相一致的信息,同时忽略或扭曲性解读不一致的信息,这种现象叫验证性信息处理。从信息采样视角理解,个体的先验以及那些与先验一致的信息因为具有更高的显著性而更多地被个体所采样,成为个体评判与决策过程中的重要影响因素。通过设计基于争议性话题的消息处理实验,本研究实证观测了这种先验显著性的存在并探究了先验显著性对验证性信息处理的影响机制。结果表明,在态度形成过程中,个体更多地对自身的先验态度进行采样,相比之下,消息刺激蕴含的态度信息影响不大,表现出先验显著性。在消息认知和评估阶段,先验显著性扭曲个体对接收消息的态度感知以及信息性感知,并影响记忆信息召回。在消息搜索阶段,个体对消息刺激的选择和采样主要受位置显著性的影响,而受先验显著性的影响不强烈。相关结论对于说服与营销、舆情应对、科学知识传播等现实决策具有一定的参考作用。

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	马丹丹
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关键词 ：信息认知处理, 先验显著性, 信息采样, 验证性信息处理, 争议性话题

收稿日期: 2017-06-12

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目“社会化影响下个体信息认知处理中的扭曲与偏见机制研究”（71471089）; 国家自然科学基金项目“投资者有限关注与证券市场监管：基于大数据和计算实验的方法”（71503130）

作者简介: 马丹丹,女,1988年生,博士研究生,主要研究方向为信息行为与认知、决策者有限理性,E-mail: jane.ma.1030@gmail.com;岑咏华,男,1979年生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为个体认知偏见机制、社会化影响机制以及动态社会网络扩散机制及其在特定决策情境中的应用研究;甘利人,女,1957年生,教授,博导,主要研究方向为网络信息资源管理、用户行为研究;吴承尧,女,1982年生,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为投资者有限理性、金融监管。

引用本文:

马丹丹, 岑咏华, 甘利人, 吴承尧. 先验显著性对个体信息认知处理的影响研究：基于争议性话题的实证[J]. 情报学报, 2018, 37(1): 106-120.
Ma Dandan, Cen Yonghua, Gan Liren, Wu Chengyao. The Effects of Prior Salience on Individual Information Processing: An Empirical Study on Controversy Judgment. 情报学报, 2018, 37(1): 106-120.

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https://qbxb.istic.ac.cn/CN/10.3772/j.issn.1000-0135.2018.01.012 或 https://qbxb.istic.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/I1/106

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